2016年考研英语阅读真题(一)text1——出题思路
选自2015年4月5日的 the christian science monitor(《基督教科学箴言报》),原文标题为“ a challenge to the fashion industry s body ideals”(《时尚界的理想体形面临挑战》)。本文是社会生活类文本,主要围绕人们关注的健康时尚展开论述,指岀许多国家通过立法规定或道德劝说禁止时尚界使用过瘦模特,并提倡提升审美观念,关注内在品质。
第一段:法国以法律途径督促人们注重健康时尚.
第二、三段:法国所采取措施的积极影响.
第四段:法国所采取的措施过分依赖于严厉惩罚.
第五、六段:一些国家尝试制定自愿性标准.
第七段:解决误用理想体形的最佳方法——道德劝说和提升审美观念.
当你开始做一个阅读题时，你做的第一件是数一数文章总共有几段，段落太多时，标记一下，你试试在十五分钟左右的时间内完成5道题，如果没有针对性地去阅读，怕时间不够用，得分不理想。还好，一般在题干中已显示文章的中心和结构，所有的答案都是围绕中心而设定，因此我们围绕中心做题，定能达到事办功倍的效果。
常言说：会说的不如会听的，出题老师的言外之意是什么？题干包含文章的主要信息，反复出现的是重点。大胆预测，认真求证。
一、数一数全文一共由几个段落组成，标上序号。
二、最后一题，看看是不中心主旨题：
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25. which of the following may be the best title of the text?
a. a challenge to the fashion industry’s body ideals
b. a dilemma for the starving models in france
c. just another round of struggle for beauty
d. the great threats to the fashion industry
下列哪项是本文的最佳标题?
a.时尚业的理想体形面临的挑战
b.法国挨饿模特面临的困境
c.新一轮关于美的斗争
d.时尚业面临的巨大威胁
1、文章的中心往往在一段，有百分之80可能，如果第一段与第二段说的是一回事，中心在第一段的段尾与第二段的段首句。
2、用串针引线的方法，第一段+各段的中心句（首句）+最后一段的主旨句。
3、最后一段，看看是不是转换话题了。
加一：看看在题干中是否已经泄露秘密。读前四道题中重复的词或许就是中心主旨的主要内容。由题干可以看出这篇文章是找问题的原因的。
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三、听懂人话（看看题干，审题，看老师问了你什么？文章的中心是什么，结构是什么？）
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21. according to the first paragraph, what?would happen in france?
根据第一段可知,法国将会发生什么?
22. the phrase “impinging on” (para. 2) is closest in meaning to
文中“ impinging on”(第二段第二行)的意思最接近于
23. which of the following is true of the?fashion industry?
下列关于时尚业的说法哪一项是正确的?
定位在fashion industry，?fashion industry可能是本文的中心。
24. a designer?is most likely to be rejected by cfw?for
设计师被哥本哈根时装周拒之门外最可能的原因是
定位在cfw的专有名词，在6段出现，22题在2段，23题可能在3，4，5段出现；是快速阅读题型。由designer确定：fashion industry是本文的中心。
25. which of the following may be the best title of the text?
a. a challenge to the fashion industry’s body ideals
b. a dilemma for the starving models in france
c. just another round of struggle for beauty
d. the great threats to the fashion industry
重点看a,d。因本文的中心话题是fashion industry,a 是说的是时尚业体型；d说的是时尚业，d包含a。看第一段，二段的前一句，差不多搞定本题。有中心，做题有方向，所有的问题向中心靠没错。
①france, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.
which引导的非限定性定语从句,补充说明france;作插入语。当宾语和主语一致时用所有格形式。
has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.省略引导词(that)的宾语从句,作 has decided的宾语.
to define physical beauty for women.动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰 an absolute right.
开门见山，“巴黎断定其时尚界丧失了定义女性形体美的绝对权”，本文的中心可能是：a challenge to the fashion industry’s?body ideals。?body ideals与physical beauty 是相近的。
?
三、顺藤摸瓜，根据中心：顺藤是顺着题干这根藤，摸到答案。也就是说：根据题干的具体情况和提示信息,利用不同的解题方法回到原文逐一寻找每一道题的准确答案信息来源或依据。答案必须有依据。
21. according to the first paragraph, what would happen in france?(推断题)
a. physical beauty would be redefined.
b. new runways would be constructed.
c. websites about dieting would thrive.
d. the fashion industry would decline.
根据第一段可知,法国将会发生什么?
a.形体美将会被重新定义。
b.新的t台将会被搭建。
c.与节食相关的网站将蓬勃发展。
d.时尚业将会衰落。
题干关键信息为: the first paragraph和france
【模糊定位】在审题定位中我们知道本文的中心话题是fashion industry，第一段的大概率是讲fashion industry,d. the fashion industry would decline.包含了中心句，答案可能是d.
【精准定位】第一段①句指出,法国裁定其时尚业丧失了界定女性形体美的绝对权,是本段的主旨,②③句具体介绍其新近立法內容:禁止雇佣极瘦模特走t台;取缔鼓吹过度瘦削的网站。第二段①②句，这些法令有几种积极的目的。它们表明美不应该由最终有损于健康的外表来界定。归纳总结,“以超瘦为美”的标准将会被重新界定,[a]正确。
【命题解密】[a]是结合②③，第二段①②句。是对①句?its fashion industry has?lost an absolute right to define?physical beauty做出的正确解读.是对中心句的同意转述，本题考的是中心。在【模糊定位】之所以错是因为没有把握考研英语与四、六级本质的区别。考研一主要是考主旨，考的是归纳总结能力。
【经验分享】以我的能力，从第一段我排除了b,c.但a,d拿不定注意，尽管我听了b站上多位砖家的讲课。从第二段such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. ②they?suggest beauty should not be defined by looks?。中uplifting?motives.排除b.从not be defined by looks，肯定了a.答案必须有依据.出题老师让你从第一段找答案，或者功力不到，或任智之见，你可从第二段，甚至是最后一段找到答案。因第二段往往对第一段总结，说明。最后一段可能是前呼后应。要有全局观。
【1段】①france, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided?its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.?②its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ?ultra-thin models on runways. ③the parliament?also agreed to?ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. ·
give approval to sth.批准
incite[?n?sa?t] 刺激; 激励（in=into;cit=quote,call）
ultra-thin?[)
parliament [?pɑ?l?m?nt]=congress议会(from old french parlement , from the verb parler)；
council（政务）委员会，地方议会; 委员; 会议(con- cil=call)
runway跑道;
?
【1段】标榜自己是全球时尚创新者的法国,已经断定其时尚界丧失了定义女性形体美的绝对权。该国立法者于上周初步批准了一项法规,即雇用过瘦的模特进行时装表演会构成犯罪。此外,议会还同意禁止运行一些通过宣传极端的节食理念来“煽动过度瘦身”网站。
【句子讲解】①france, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.
which引导的非限定性定语从句,补充说明france;作插入语。当宾语和主语一致时用所有格形式。
has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.省略引导词(that)的宾语从句,作?has decided的宾语.
to define physical beauty for women.动词不定式短语作后置定语,修饰 an absolute right.
?
?
?
【2段】①such measures?have a couple of uplifting motives.?②they?suggest beauty should not be defined by looks?that end up impinging on?health.?③that’s a start.?④and the ban on ultra-thin models?seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death—as some have done.?⑤it tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
②they=such measures；looks=ultra-thin?
④protect from,keep from重点是后面的from
⑤?it =the ban on ultra-thin models；
that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women是间接宾语。
the signal it sends women, =the signal?that?it sends women。?
the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.=the social tape-measure?that?they must use to determine their individual worth.that作宾语。
?
?
【2段】这些法令有几种积极的目的。它们表明美不应该由最终有损于健康的外表来界定。这是一个良好的开端。其次,这项关于超瘦模特的禁令似乎并不仅仅是保护模特免于节食致死——正如有些人已经做过的那样。它还要求时尚界必须为煽动女性(尤其是青春期女孩)用社会标尺来衡量个人价值的行为承担相应的责任。
【句子讲解】本句是复合句。主句的主语是they,谓语是 suggest省略引导词(that)的宾语从句作 suggest的宾语。宾语从句的主语是 beauty,谓语 should not be?defined使用了被动语态,介词by引出动作的发出者 looks. that引导的定语从句,修饰 looks;其中,that代替先行词looks作从句的主语,谓语是 end up,宾语是impinging on health.
22. the phrase “impinging on” (para. 2) is closest in meaning to（词意推理）
a. indicating the state of.
b. heightening the value of.
c. losing faith in.
d. doing harm to.
文中“ impinging on”(第二段第二行)的意思最接近于
a.显示……的状态
b.提升……的价值
c.对…失去信心
d.对……造成损害
?
【精准定位】考查短语所在句(第二段②句)指出,法国新出台的法令意在表明“美不应由…最终健康的外表来界定”,且根据上文(第一段及第二段①句):法令意在叫停时尚业定义的“极瘦为美”,第二段则是在介绍法令的“积极动机( uplifting motives)”可见,符合文意的只有[d]。
【命题解密】短语 end up doing所含的“意想不到”、 uplifting的“褒义”色彩,以及上文对时尚业推崇的超瘦为美“否定态度”,下文“法令意在保护模特以免节食致死”等信息结合起来即为“过度瘦削的外形有害健康”,与正确项[d]契合。
?
?
【3段】①the bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. ②and perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to?intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
arbiter [?ɑ:b?t?(r)]n.[法]仲裁人，裁决者;
人+动词+that：认为
intangible [?n?t?nd??bl]adj.触不到的; 难以理解的;
rather than而不是(后面的不重要，不考)
look to朝（某物）看去
【3段】如果得以全面实施,这些禁令将提醒女性(以及许多男性)不要让他人做自己美的仲裁者。也许在某种细微程度上,它们还暗示人们应注重性格和才智等无形的品质,而不是一味节食至零码或蜂腰体型。
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【4段】①the french measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing. ②under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
regard as把…认作; 当做;
【4段】然而,法国采取的措施过分的依赖于严厉的惩罚来改变一种仍然注重“美是一层皮”的文化。根据该项法律,雇佣体重指数未达到政府规定的时尚模特可导致8.5万美元的罚款和六个月的监禁。
23. which of the following is true of the?fashion industry?（细节）
a. the french measures?have already failed.
b. new standards are being set in denmark.
c. models are no longer under peer pressure.
d. its inherent problems are getting worse.
下列关于时尚业的说法哪一项是正确的?
a.法国的措施已经失败了。
b.丹麦正在制定新的标准。
c.模特不再承受同行压力。
d.它固有的问题已越来越严重。
?
【精准定位】3、4段说的是法国的the french measures主要是惩罚。5段②句指出丹麦等国的时尚业正尝试指定自愿标准,6段则以丹麦为例介绍其具体措施,可见,丹麦正在制定新标准,[b]正确。
【命题解密】正确项[b]是对第五段②句in denmark….it?is trying to set voluntary?standards以及对第六段的高度概括。从逻辑上前面提到法国标准不是绝对标准，后面提到新标准。
【经验分享】若考the fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.重点是and 后。这是老师惯用伎俩。
【5段】①the fashion industry?knows it has an inherent?problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.?②in denmark, the united states, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images?that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
①?knows it has an inherent=?knows that it has an inherent
inherent ?[?n?h??r?nt]adj.固有的，内在的; 天生;（in=into;her=stick to）
【5段】时尚界深知专注于物质装饰和理想化的体形是其自身固有的问题。丹麦、美国和其他一些国家,时尚界正尝试就模特和时装造型制定自愿性标准,且这些标准的实施更多地依赖于同行的压力。
?
【6段】①in contrast to france’s actions, denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. ②the newly revised danish fashion ethical charter clearly states:?“we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact?the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”?③the?charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for?designers and modeling agencies to

copenhagen fashion week (cfw), which is run by the danish fashion institute. ④but in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
deny access for?sb to sth。
【句子讲解】?“we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact （省略关系词( which/that)的定语从句,修饰）the fashion industry has（省略了impacted）?on body ideals, especially on young people.”?
in contrast to与…形成对比
?charter?[?t?ɑ?t?(r)]
compliance [k?m?pla??ns]n.遵守; 服从;（com共同+ply重叠,重复）
【6段】与法国的举动相比,丹麦时尚界上个月在有关模特年龄、健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁方面达成了共识.新修订的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》明确规定:“我们应该意识到时尚界对于(尤其是年轻人的)理想体形所造成的影响,并为此承担相关责任。宪章的主要强制手段为,禁止设计师和模特经纪公司参加由丹麦时装学院创办的哥本哈根时装周(cfw)。但总体上,这屈居于他们是否遵守这一公开指责方式。
24. a designer is most likely to be rejected by cfw for(推理)
a. pursuing perfect physical conditions.
b. caring too much about models’ character.
c. showing little concern for health factors.
d. setting a high age threshold for models.
设计师被哥本哈根时装周拒之门外最可能的原因是
a.追求完美的身体条件
b.过于关心模特的个性
c.极少关注健康因素
d.对模特的年龄设置高门槛
?
【精准定位】根据题干关键词cfw定位至第六段。②至④句具体指出丹麦时尚业的做法:在《丹麦时尚道德宪章》中声明为时尚业对身材典范的影响负责,并拒绝违反宪章的设计师参加哥本哈根时装周(cfw)。因此,不关注健康因素的设计师可能会被cfw拒之门外,[c]正确。
【命题解密】正确项[c]showing little concern for?health factors是结合第六段①句 rules and sanctions?regarding. health. of models以及②take responsibility for?the impact the fashion industry?has on body ideals,对?③句to?deny access for designers fat做出的合理推断。
?
【7段】①relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. ②even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
【7段】依靠道德劝说而非法律可能是解决理想体形误用的最佳方法。比这更胜一筹的是,突破一个特定行业的物质标准来提升审美观念。
?
21. according to the first paragraph, what would happen in france?
a. physical beauty would be redefined.
b. new runways would be constructed.
c. websites about dieting would thrive.
d. the fashion industry would decline.
根据第一段可知,法国将会发生什么?
a.形体美将会被重新定义。
b.新的t台将会被搭建。
c.与节食相关的网站将蓬勃发展。
d.时尚业将会衰落。
题干关键信息为: the first paragraph和france
【精准定位】第一段①句指出,法国裁定其时尚业丧失了界定女性形体美的绝对权,②③句具体介绍其新近立法內容:禁止雇佣极瘦模特走t台;取缔鼓吹过度瘦削的网站。可见,“以超瘦为美”的标准将会被重新界定,[a]正确。
【命题解密】[a]是结合②③句对①句 its fashion industry has?lost an absolute right to define?physical beauty做出的正确解读.
?
22. the phrase “impinging on” (para. 2) is closest in meaning to
a. indicating the state of.
b. heightening the value of.
c. losing faith in.
d. doing harm to.
文中“ impinging on”(第二段第二行)的意思最接近于
a.提升……的价值
b.显示……的状态
c.对…失去信心
d.对……造成损害
?
【精准定位】考查短语所在句(第二段②句)指出,法国新出台的法令意在表明“美不应由…最终健康的外表来界定”,且根据上文(第一段及第二段①句):法令意在叫停时尚业定义的“极瘦为美”,第二段则是在介绍法令的“积极动机( uplifting motives)”可见,符合文意的只有[d]。
【命题解密】短语 end up doing所含的“意想不到”、 uplifting的“褒义”色彩,以及上文对时尚业推崇的超瘦为美“否定态度”,下文“法令意在保护模特以免节食致死”等信息结合起来即为“过度瘦削的外形有害健康”,与正确项[d]契合。
?
?
23. which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
a. the french measures have already failed.
b. new standards are being set in denmark.
c. models are no longer under peer pressure.
d. its inherent problems are getting worse.
下列关于时尚业的说法哪一项是正确的?
a.丹麦正在制定新的标准。
b.法国的措施已经失败了。
c.模特不再承受同行压力。
d.它固有的问题已越来越严重。
?
【精准定位】第五段②句指出丹麦等国的时尚业正尝试指定自愿标准,第六段则以丹麦为例介绍其具体措施,可见,丹麦正在制定新标准,[d]正确。
【命题解密】正确项[d]是对第五段②句in denmark….it?is trying to set voluntary?standards以及对第六段的高度概括。
24. a designer is most likely to be rejected by cfw for
a. pursuing perfect physical conditions.
b. caring too much about models’ character.
c. showing little concern for health factors.
d. setting a high age threshold for models.
设计师被哥本哈根时装周拒之门外最可能的原因是
a.追求完美的身体条件
b.过于关心模特的个性
c.极少关注健康因素
d.对模特的年龄设置高门槛
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【精准定位】根据题干关键词cfw定位至第六段。②至④句具体指出丹麦时尚业的做法:在《丹麦时尚道德宪章》中声明为时尚业对身材典范的影响负责,并拒绝违反宪章的设计师参加哥本哈根时装周(cfw)。因此,不关注健康因素的设计师可能会被cfw拒之门外,[c]正确。
【命题解密】正确项[c]showing little concern for?health factors是结合第六段①句 rules and sanctions?regarding. health. of models以及②take responsibility for?the impact the fashion industry?has on body ideals,对?③句to?deny access for designers fat做出的合理推断。
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25. which of the following may be the best title of the text?
a. a challenge to the fashion industry’s body ideals
b. a dilemma for the starving models in france
c. just another round of struggle for beauty
d. the great threats to the fashion industry
下列哪项是本文的最佳标题?
a.时尚业的理想体形面临的挑战
b.法国挨饿模特面临的困境
c.新一轮关于美的斗争
d.时尚业面临的巨大威胁
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【精准定位】通读全文,前四段绍并评判法国针对时尚业“以超为美”所下禁令;第五、六段转介绍丹麦等国针对该问题的不同决思路“道德劝说”,末段比较判两种措施,并进一步提出建议可见,全文论述对象为各国对“尚业以超瘦为美”发起的挑战,[d]为最适合标题。
【命题解密】正确项[d]是对文章主要内容的恰当概括。the?fashion industry s body?ideals指文章针对现象“时尚业以超瘦为美”;
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