habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.
　　so it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
　　but don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
　　“the first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says dawna markova, author of “the open mind” and an executive change consultant for professional thinking partners. “but we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the decider.’ ” she adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
　　all of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. at puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of th

at capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
　　the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “this breaks the major rule in the american belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book “this year i will…” and ms. markova’s business partner. “that’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” this is where developing new habits comes in.
21. the view of wordsworth habit is claimed by being

　　a. casual b. familiar c. mechanical d. changeable.

　　22. the researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be

　　a. predicted b. regulated c. traced d. guided

　　23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to

　　a. tracks b. series c. characteristics d. connections

　　24. ms. markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?

　　a, prevents new habits form being formed

　　b, no longer emphasizes commonness

　　c, maintains the inherent american thinking model

　　d, complies with the american belief system

　　25. ryan most probably agree that

　　a. ideas are born of a relaxing mind

　　b. innovativeness could be taught

　　c. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

　　d. curiosity activates creative minds
21【c】实际细节题。意为：wordsworth认为以何种方法便能获得
　　文章第二句中说到we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and
　　relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.咱们在无知道的状况下就能行成，使
　　们的脑筋处于主动导 航，放松地进入一种无知道的惯性傍边。从这个表述中可以看出习气的
　　构成进程完尽是一种无意状况下的机械活动。
　　22.【d】实际细节题。意为：研讨者发现习气的构成可以被
　　第二段第二句傍边指出当我们有知道的培育新的习气时，咱们就创造出一种有关的轨迹，甚至是全新的脑细胞，这可以使咱们的思维进入一个立异的轨迹上。由此可见研讨人员认为习气的构成是可以被引导的。
　　23.【a】词义句义题。意为：“ruts”的意思最靠近于
　　a 痕迹 b 系列 c 特征 d 联络
　　原文说到：不要企图脱节你的旧习气;一旦这个进程的 进入大脑，它们就会留在脑中。根据上下文逻辑最合上下文语境的为a选项。以下为做后思考：21做错，不理解c选项mechanical意为机械的，无知道的这边文章谈论习气的作用，生词较少，trace? v寻找trail v寻找track n轨迹truck n货车