passage5注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ? ? scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. unlike most of the world on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. the hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
? ? ? ? that the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. africa and south america, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. the complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. the relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. it is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide themeasuring instruments needed to resolve the question. from an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the african plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
? ? ? ?the significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. it now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. when a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layers creates a broad dome. as the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entir

ely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).
一、文章规划分析
? ? ? ? 这是一篇纯天然科学的文章。首要介绍了”抢手”表象以及其对地质板块学研讨的重要意义。因为文章意图是说明一种理论，因而，从言语上讲，描绘成分比照多。
? ? ? ?第一段：关于中心概念”抢手“进行了描绘，实践恰当于一个界说。
? ? ? ?第二段：从大陆板块移动谈起，后半段指出”抢手”理论关于地质板块学研讨的一个意义，即，作为参照。
? ? ? ?第三段：“抢手”理论关于地质板块学研讨的第二个意义，即，影响地球物理进程，如海洋的构成。

1.the author believes that.
[a]the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interior
[b]the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
[c]the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
[d]the movement of hot spots proves the?continents are moving apart.
1.作者信赖的观念是。
[a]板块的运动与地球内部的运动相共同
[b]地质学上的板块漂移说被证明是正确的
[c]抢手和板块向相反方向缓慢地移动
[d]抢手的运动证明各大洲（即大陆板块）正在彼此分隔

2.that africa and south america were oncejoined can be deduced from the fact that.
[a] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
[b] they have been found to share certain geological features
[c] the african plate has been stable for 30 million years
[d]over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
2.非洲和南美洲早年彼此相连可以从这一实际揣度出来。
[a]这两个大陆仍然在向相反的方向移动
[b]它们被发现具有某些一起的地质特征
[c]非洲板块至少3000万年未移动
[d]地球各地分布着一百多个抢手

3.the hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining.
[a]the structure of the african plates
[b]the revival of dead volcanoes
[c]the mobility of the continents
[d]the formation of new oceans
3.在说明方面抢手理论可以被证明是有用的。
[a]非洲板块的规划
[b]死火山的复苏
[c]大陆板块的移动性
[d]新海洋的构成

4.the passage is mainly about.
[a]the features of volcanic activities
[b]the importance of the theory about drifting plates
[c] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
|[d] the process of the formation of volcanoes

4.这篇文章首要是关于。
[a]火山活动的特征
[b]板块漂移理论的重要性
[c]抢手学说在地质物理研讨中的重要性
[d]火山的构成进程
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
（1）isolated（a.）阻隔的，孤立的；isolate（v.）孤立，阻隔；isolation（n.）阻隔，孤立，阻隔
（2）volcanic（a.）火山的；强烈的，易俄然发生的；volcano（n.）火山
（3）trail（n.）踪影，痕迹，踪迹（v.）跟踪，寻找，拉，拖
（4）milestone（n.）旅程碑；人生或前史上严峻作业或转机点
（5）stationary（a.）中止的，固定的；stationery（n.）文具
（6）confine（v.）（to，within）捆绑，捆绑于；控制
（7）propel（v.）推进，推进；鼓励，驱使
（8）fissure（n.）裂缝，裂隙（v.）
（9）initiate（v.）初步，建议，建议，提议；initiation（n.）；initiator（n.）创始人，建议人，教授者，教训者
（10）mobility（n.）运动性，平稳性
（11）mutability（n.）可变性，易变性，不定性
三、阅览答案：b b d c
四、全文翻译：?
? ? ? ? 地球上散落分布着一百多个互不相连的小火山活动区，被地质学家称为抢手。和世界上大大都火山不一样的是，它们并不老是在构成地球表面的无量漂流板块之间的鸿沟上被发现；相反，许多抢手深藏于板块内部。（长难句①）大大都抢手只缓慢地移动，有时，经过这些抢手的板块运动留下了死火山的痕迹。抢手及其火山痕迹是标志板块搬场的旅程碑。
? ? ? ?板块漂移这一理论如今是无须置疑的。（佳句①）以非洲和南美洲为例，因为有新的物质写入二者之间的海底，两大洲正在彼此别离。但彼此契合的海岸线和某些如同跨过海洋的地质特征会使人想到这两个大陆早年是连在一同的。（长难句②）带着这些大陆的板块的相对运动现已可以被具体地论说出来，但一个板块相对另一板块的运动还不能简略地说明为相关于地球内部的运动。（长难句③）我们不能断定两个大陆是执政相反的方向运动，仍是一个大陆中止不动而另一个从它身边漂移开去。（长难句④）位于地球更深层的抢手供给晓得决该疑问所需要的测量仪器。从抢手区域的人员情况分析来看，非洲板块如同是中止不动的，在曩昔3000万年里都没有移动过。
? ? ? ? 抢手的重要性不只限于作为参照体系这一作用。如今看来，它们还对推进板块在地球表面漂移这一地球物理进程有重要影响。当大陆板块漂移到抢手上方，来自地球深层的物质便构成了无量的圆顶状拱起物。跟着这个圆顶的增加，板块呈现深深的裂缝。至稀有几回，大陆可以会沿着其间的一些裂缝完全裂开了，因而这个抢手就引发了一个新的海洋的构成。这样，正像前期的理论说明了大陆的移动性相同，抢手理论或许能说明大陆板块的不平稳性。（佳句②）